The formation of Solar System is primarily believed to be based on the nebular hypothesis. As per the hypothesis, the gravitational collapse of fragment of a giant molecular cloud, located at several of light years across, led to the formation of the system. Studies have revealed that a number of supernovae occurred near the Sun during its formation. However, a shock wave from one of these supernovae created regions of over density within the cloud, causing the cloud of gas and dust to collapse. This has even led to the view that origin and history of Solar System date back to 4,600 million years.
After the collapse of these elements, gravity pulled the gas and dust together, giving rise to a solar nebula. Moreover, the cloud began to spin as it collapsed, making it grow hotter and denser in the center, with a disk of gas and dust surrounding it that was cool at the edges. With continuous spinning, the cloud became thinner and thinner, making the particles stick together and form clumps. As clumps became bigger in size, they became planets or moons. The heated center of the cloud led to the formation of rocky planets like Earth, which could stand the high temperature.
On the other hand, the icy matter settled in the outer regions of the disk along with rocky material, where the giant planets like Jupiter formed. As the clouds continued to stir, the center eventually became too hot and became a star, now called as the Sun. After around three and ten million years, the newly formed Sun's solar wind blew away all the gas and dust in the protoplanetary disc, pushing it into interstellar space, thereby bringing the growth of the planets to a halt. This is how the entire Solar System came into being.
